Abstract classes

An abstract class is a base class that cannot be instantiated. It can contain both abstract methods (no logic, must override) and regular methods (with logic).

abstract class SkyEntity {
    public abstract void Update();
    public void Describe() {
        Console.WriteLine("Sky Entity");
    }
}

class Cloud : SkyEntity {
    public override void Update() {
        // Concrete logic
    }
}

How it reads

• abstract class prevents direct instantiation of the base class
• public abstract void Update() has no body and must be overridden

Cloud tip: Unlike interfaces, an abstract class can contain constructors, fields, and default method implementations.